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Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin-lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755-nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed-type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized. Until recently, quality-switched nanosecond lasers have been the workhorse lasers in treating pigmented lesions. However, the recently commercialized picosecond lasers have provided physicians with a novel method to manage pigmented lesions. Most recently, the first picosecond laser with a 730-nm wavelength was developed to specifically target melanin and melanocytes. We report on two Asian patients with freckles, lentigines, and melasma who were successfully treated with a novel 730-nm Ti:Sapphire picosecond laser (Picoway®; Syneron Candela, Corp). The clinical outcome was measured by the global percent of clearance, which was evaluated by blinded observers by comparing the post-treatment photographs with the baseline photographs. In both patients, a significant pigmentary reduction was achieved with only one treatment session. In both patients, the treatments were well tolerated with minimal discomfort even without topical anesthesia. No post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or repigmentation was observed until the 6-week follow-up. The pigmentary conditions treated included freckles, lentigines, and melasma. Both subjects showed clinical improvement, with the best results observed for the treatment of freckles such that 95% of the lesions achieved excellent response (75-94% lightening). The results of this case report indicate that a novel 730-nm Ti:Sapphire picosecond laser may be effective and safe in treating pigmentary disorders in darker-skinned patients. Therefore, further well-designed, prospective clinical trials are warranted to establish the potential of 730-nm picosecond lasers and determine the optimal treatment parameters in comparison to existing laser and light modalities. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Pigmentation is one of the few major characteristics according to which scars are evaluated. Data on the treatment of the hyperpigmented component of scars are sparse. The authors aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the fractional 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) picosecond laser in the treatment of the hyperpigmented component of scars. Sixteen patients with hyperpigmented scars underwent 3 to 8 treatment sessions at 3- to 6-week intervals with the 1,064-nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser (PicoWay, Candela, Resolve handpiece). The treatment response was evaluated by 2 noninvolved dermatologists on a global assessment scale (GAS) of 1 to 4. A Mexameter quantitatively evaluated the melanin content of the scar before and after laser treatments. The average GAS score of the 2 noninvolved dermatologists was 3.31 ± 0.57. The patients assessed their level of tolerance as good or excellent and their satisfaction level as moderate or high. The Mexameter showed that the melanin index decreased considerably (by 39.11 ± 11.58%) in all patients after treatment. The fractionated nonablative picosecond Nd:YAG laser was effective for the treatment of the hyperpigmented component of scars.

Following Nonablative fractional Fraxel laser (NAFL), a well-established treatment for skin rejuvenation, immediate post-procedural care is essential to address any potential complications and accelerate the healing process. To evaluate the efficacy and patient satisfaction of a topical skincare regimen containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid-CE Ferulic serum (CEF) following NAFL treatment in the Chinese population. In this randomized, investigator-blinded, split-face, controlled trial, patients with mild-to-moderate facial photodamage were randomized to receive CEF treatment on one side of the face and normal saline (NS) on the other side immediately after the NAFL procedure and daily during the 7-day follow-up. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in erythema score on Day 7, with key secondary endpoints including changes from baseline in erythema index (EI), melanin index (MI), transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, skin sebum content, scabbing, edema, overall patient satisfaction, and post-procedure pain. In total, 50 patients (female 45/50) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 31.6 years. The mean change from baseline in erythema score was significantly lower on the CEF side than on the NS side on Day 7 post-NAFL treatment (0.04 ± 0.40 vs. 0.18 ± 0.48, p = 0.011). The CEF side also exhibited improved changes in EI, MI, and skin hydration, as well as higher overall satisfaction and less pain compared with the NS side. Applying CEF after NAFL treatment reduced erythema progression, maintained skin hydration, and promoted the healing process compared with NS. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300069246. Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) with cutaneous involvement has rarely been discussed in dermatologic literature, with few reports. Cutaneous lesions in MCD may induce deep scars, causing a significant impact in the daily life of the patients. The treatment of Castleman's disease (CD) is usually a challenge, especially in case of cutaneous involvement. We report the case of a 35-year-old Caucasian man with a 3-year-old history of MCD with cutaneous involvement that we treated with a combined therapy characterized by siltuximab and 1,927 nm fractional laser. The patient showed a therapeutic response, characterized by a reduction of systemic symptoms and cutaneous manifestations. We believe that the combination of siltuximab and 1,927 nm fractional laser might have a synergistic beneficial role in patients with cutaneous iMCD and maximize esthetic outcomes. Anyway, additional evidence is needed to validate our findings. Microbotox technique, intradermal injection of microdroplets of botulinum toxin, is a favorable rejuvenation approach in subjects who prefer more natural appearance. To determine the best injection techniques (dosage, concentration, as well as number and location of injection points), efficacy and side effects of this innovative technique for facial rejuvenation. We conducted a search in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from conception until October 2021 with keywords "microbotox" OR "mesobotox" OR "intradermal injection" AND "botulinum toxin" AND "rejuvenation" AND "wrinkle" AND "face-lift." Twenty articles were included in this review article. Different types of formulation including onabotulinum toxin A (OBA), abobotulinum toxin A (ABO), and incobotulinum toxin A (IBA) were used. The most used concentrations were 10-20 u/cc of OBA. Number of injection points varied from 4 (forehead and periorbital areas) to 999 (entire face) with 2 mm to 2 cm apart. Adjuvant treatment modalities were cross-linked hyaluronic acid, intense pulsed laser, and Fraxel laser. Most studies reported the initial results appeared after 5-14 days of procedure, lasting for nearly 3-6 months. Microbotox is an efficient and attractive method for facial rejuvenation, mid-lower face-lifting, and fine wrinkles reduction in forehead, periocular, and cheek regions, especially in younger-aged subjects. Furthermore, it is a suitable treatment for neck rejuvenation and recontouring of lower mandibular border, particularly in older subjects with marked skin laxity. The Fraxel Dual laser system (Solta Medical, Inc., Bothell, WA) contains a 1,550 and 1,927 nm wavelength single handpiece with different indications for each wavelength. To discuss treatment setting recommendations and best practices for select on-label and investigational applications of the 1,550 and 1,927 nm dual laser system. Eight board-certified dermatologists with 10 or more years of experience with the 1,550 and 1,927 nm laser system completed an online survey about their clinical experience with the system and then participated in a roundtable to share clinical perspectives and best practices for using the laser system. For all Fitzpatrick skin types, treatment recommendations were described for selected approved indications for the 1,550 and 1,927 nm laser system, including both lasers in combination. Treatment recommendations were also reached for investigational applications with the 1,550 nm laser and 1,927 nm laser. Best practices for using the lasers during the treatment session to achieve optimal outcomes and decrease the post-treatment recovery time were compiled. The 1,550 and 1,927 nm dual laser system is effective for a wide range of aesthetic and therapeutic applications, on and off the face and across all Fitzpatrick skin types. Following our survey, we can appreciate that a variety of laser platforms exist to rejuvenate the skin by resurfacing the outer layer of the skin as well as heating the lower layers of the dermis. Based on reliable clinical effectiveness and a limited side effect profile, we can confirm that nonablative fractionated technologies greatly improve the appearance of lentigines, rhytids; eliminate sun damage, attenuate scarring due to acne and other causes; and treat hyperpigmentation. The Fraxel (Solta Medical) laser system delivers pulses across a wide range of density and energy levels. We determined that when increasing the pulse energy this led to an increase in thermolysis microzone depth and width without damaging the surrounding tissue. Due to its performance and various clinical applications, Fraxel laser can be optimally considered to be the gold standard for skin rejuvenation. Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a common skin presentation in adults. Due to their unwanted yellow papular appearance, patients may desire their removal. Although several treatment modalities have been reported, the full range and efficacy of options are unclear. To determine the efficacy of laser modalities in the treatment of SH. The authors will also specifically assess the efficacy, recurrence rate and side effect profile of SH treatment with Er:YAG wavelength using a variable long pulsed (VLP) Er:YAG laser (SP Dynamis Fotona laser, Ljubljana, Slovenia) Methods & Materials: A comprehensive literature search was performed through PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, using the search terms [(sebaceous hyperplasia)] and [(laser[s], Er:Yag, Er:Glass, Fraxel, CO2, PDL, Pulse dye laser, Diode, Xe-Cl, Excimer, Argon, KTP, Ruby, Alexandrite or Nd:YAG)]. The search yielded a total of 119 results and 8 were identified as relevant to this reviewResults: Pulse dye laser (PDL) provides a wide range of treatment results from complete reduction to flattening of the SH without significant adverse events; recurrence rates were unreported. Short PDL showed faster treatment response than long PDL. CO2 laser can produce considerable positive cosmetic outcomes with marked clinical improvement without any recurrence, but significant adverse effects have been reported. The 1450-nm diode laser has been described to produce good (75%) clinical improvement and lesion shrinkage ranging from 50% to greater than 75% without lasting adverse effects. In

This study aims to shed light on the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the early detection and risk assessment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Bibliometric analysis. Articles related to AI in early identification and risk evaluation of NCDs from 2000 to 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database. This comprehensive bibliometric study focuses on a single database, Scopus and employs narrative synthesis for concise yet informative summaries. Microsoft Excel V.365 and VOSviewer software (V.1.6.20) were used to summarise bibliometric features. The study retrieved 1745 relevant articles, with a notable surge in research activity in recent years. Core journals included Scientific Reports and IEEE Access, and core institutions included the Harvard Medical School and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, while core countries comprised China, the USA, India, the UK and Saudi Arabia. Citation trends indicated substantial growth and recognition of AI's impact on NCDs management. Frequent author keywords identified key research hotspots, including specific NCDs like Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Risk assessment studies demonstrated improved predictions for heart failure, cardiovascular risk, breast cancer, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Our findings highlight the increasing role of AI in early detection and risk prediction of NCDs, emphasising its widening research impact and future clinical potential. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired treatable autoimmune disorder. Due to limited availability and affordability of IV immunoglobulins and therapeutic plasma exchange in Pakistan, oral immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) are used despite limited role in literature. The study aimed to determine the response to ISDs in CIDP patients by assessing the frequency of remission, reduction of disability using a neuropathy related disability score called Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score (or INCAT score), as well as reduction in steroid maintenance dose. The retrospective observational study of six months duration (May to October, 2020) was carried out in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Medical record of all the patients with idiopathic CIDP taking oral ISDs in last five years was selected which included bio-data, clinical signs and symptoms, medication details, and INCAT scores. Descriptive statistics were described i.e. frequency, percentages, mean/standard deviation using Microsoft Excel v.2021. Out of thirteen patients, Azathioprine was used in nine, Mycophenolate mofetil in two and Cyclosporine in two, with remission (INCAT score improvement ≥ 1) achieved in eight, one and zero patients respectively. Duration of ISDs ranged from three to twenty-four months (average 15.8 months). Patients with monoclonal paraproteinemia and prior exposure to ISDs had a poor response to the introduction of subsequent ISDs. The study describes preliminary experience of the potential role of relatively cheaper and more convenient oral ISDs (especially Azathioprine) as an alternative or sparing agent to first line agents for CIDP and sets the stage for larger scale studies and randomized controlled trials. The aim of this study was to identify and appraise the bibliometric properties of top 100 most-cited articles on regenerative periodontics surgery (RPS). The bibliometric research technique was conducted using a dataset comprising the 100 highly cited articles obtained from Elsevier's Scopus database on RPS. Information regarding the growth of articles by year, number of citations, citations per year, study design, study field, modalities, journals, authors, and countries were extracted for each article. Microsoft Excel (v.16) was utilized for data evaluation and tabulation. These articles on RPS were published over a span of 45 years, from 1975 to 2019, with citation metrics ranging from 144 to 820. Out of the 422 participating authors, 82% contributed to a single article. The 100 most cited articles on RPS were published in 45 years from 1975 to 2019 and number of citations ranged from 144 to 820. Out of the 422 participating authors, 82% contributed in a single article.. The study design with the highest number of cited articles was laboratory/animal studies. Others/not specified was the preferred modality, followed by infrabony modality. The Journal of Periodontology published about one-fourth of the articles, with W. V. Giannobile emerging as the most productive author. Among the 100 most-cited articles on RPS, authors from 25 different countries contributed, with the United States producing half of the articles (n = 51). Bibliometric investigation revealed that the most cited papers published before 2000 had higher citation counts due to their longer period of exposure. The ratio of authors per article increased after the year 2000. Infrabony emerges as a trending topic in RPS, with laboratory/animal studies, clinical trials, and literature reviews being the most frequently employed study designs. To study the impact of reorganization of European hospitals during the most severe phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on standards of care and early outcomes in patients with periprosthetic fractures. We reviewed available data collected from 14 hospitals in Northern Italy during the quarantine period between March 9 and May 4, 2020. The study included all patients admitted to emergency departments with periprosthetic fractures and scheduled for surgery within a 2-month period. Periprosthetic fractures were classified according to the Uniform Classification System (UCS). Distribution normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Accordingly, data were described as non-parametric. Statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel v. 16.0. In total, 1390 patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology for emergency care throughout the follow-up period including 38 (2.7%) ones with periprosthetic fractures. There were 12 (31.5%) men and 26 (68.5%) women. Mean age was 81 years (range 70-96). Screening for SARS-CoV-2 by swab was performed in 23 out of 38 patients (60.5%) at admission. It was positive in 2 (5.3%) cases. Three out of thirty-eight patients (7.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 due to clinical signs. Of these, 2 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 before surgery, 3 patients - after surgery. Although the study period coincided with quarantine, the number of admissions for periprosthetic fractures (3%) was similar to that in 2019 and accounted for 3% of the total number of visits to the traumatology and orthopedics departments. The study revealed no obvious changes in hospitalizations for periprosthetic fractures despite social restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In emergency, hospitals were still able to provide standard care for patients with periprosthetic fractures despite significant amount of resources redirected for the pandemic. Влияние реорганизации европейских больниц во время наиболее тяжелой фазы пандемии SARS-CoV-2 на стандарты оказания помощи и ранние результаты лечения пациентов с &#x43f